Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Gálvez, Matías de dā gälˈvāth [key], 1717–84, Spanish colonial administrator, captain general of Guatemala (1779), viceroy of New Spain (1783–84); brother of José de Gálvez. He was succee...

(Encyclopedia) Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de sülēˈ [key], 1560–1641, French statesman. Born and reared a Protestant, he fought in the Wars of Religion under the Huguenot leader Henry of Navarre (later ...

(Encyclopedia) Mendoza, Pedro de dā māndōˈthä [key], b. 1501 or 1502, d. 1537, Spanish conquistador, first adelantado [civil and military governor] of Río de la Plata (present-day Argentina). After a military...

(Encyclopedia) Retz or Rais, Gilles de Laval, seigneur de zhēl də lävälˈ sānyörˈ də rĕts, rĕs [key], 1404–40, marshal of France, a lord of the Breton marches. A noted soldier, he was at Orléans with Jo...

(Encyclopedia) Maine de Biran mĕn də bēräNˈ [key], 1766–1824, French philosopher, member of the Council of Five Hundred (1797), and councilor of state (1816). His real name was Marie François Pierre Gonthier...

(Encyclopedia) Duque de Caxias do͞oˈkĭ dĭ käshˈyəs [key], city, Rio de Janeiro state, SE Braz...

(Encyclopedia) Beauharnais, Hortense de də bōärnāˈ [key], 1783–1837, queen of Holland (1806–10), daughter of Alexandre and Josephine de Beauharnais and wife of Louis Bonaparte. She was the mother of Napole...

(Encyclopedia) Bouillon, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, duc de dük də bo͞oyôNˈ [key], 1555–1623, marshal of France, diplomat, and Protestant leader. He served with Henry IV against the Cath...

(Encyclopedia) Medieval Latin literature, literary works written in the Latin language during the Middle Ages. Many literary genres were already being taken over by writing in the vernacular, which had begun in...

(Encyclopedia) Uyuni, Salar de sälärˈ dā o͞oyo͞oˈnē [key], salt flats (c.4,250 sq mi/11,000 sq km), Potosí dept., SW Bolivia, in the altiplano. The Río Grande de Lípez flows into the flats in the southeas...