Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Wines, Enoch Cobb, 1806–79, American clergyman and prison reformer, b. Hanover, N.J. After a varied career as a schoolmaster and preacher he became (1861) secretary of the Prison Association of New ...

(Encyclopedia) Brown, Olympia, 1835–1926, American Universalist minister and woman-suffrage leader, b. Prairie Ronde, Mich.; grad. Antioch College, 1860, and the theological school of St. Lawrence Univ., 1863. She...

(Encyclopedia) American Indian Movement (AIM), Native American civil-rights activist organization, founded in 1968 to encourage self-determination among Native Americans and to establish international re...

(Encyclopedia) Gies, William John gīz [key], 1872–1956, American biological chemist, b. Reisterstown, Md., grad. Gettysburg College (B.S. 1893; Ph.D. Yale, 1897). He began teaching at Columbia in 1898 and served ...

(Encyclopedia) Blashfield, Edwin Howland, 1848–1936, American mural painter and mosaic designer, b. New York City, studied with Bonnat in Paris. From the 1890s on he worked chiefly as a muralist, creating large wo...

(Encyclopedia) Abbey, Edwin Austin, 1852–1911, American illustrator and painter, b. Philadelphia, studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Employed by Harper & Brothers, he was sent to England, wh...

(Encyclopedia) Hosmer, Harriet Goodhue hŏzˈmər [key], 1830–1908, American sculptor, b. Watertown, Mass. She lived chiefly in Rome, where she produced graceful statues very popular in her day. Of her spirited Pu...

(Encyclopedia) Hamlin, Talbot Faulkner, 1889–1956, American historian of architecture, b. New York City. He was librarian of the Avery Library, Columbia (1934–45), and professor of architecture there. Hamlin wro...

(Encyclopedia) Healy, George Peter Alexander, 1813–94, American painter, b. Boston. He began painting portraits at the age of 18 and, disregarding background, concentrated on producing a good likeness. Examples of...

(Encyclopedia) Native American Church, Native American religious group whose beliefs blend fundamentalist Christian elements with pan–Native American moral principles. The movement began among the Kiowa about 1890...