Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Maria Feodorovna märēˈä fyôˈdərəvnə [key], 1847–1928, czarina of Russia, consort of Alexander III and mother of Nicholas II. Originally named Dagmar, she was the daughter of Christian IX of...

(Encyclopedia) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), established under the North Atlantic Treaty (Apr. 4, 1949) by Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, N...

(Encyclopedia) Brest –lĭtôfskˈ [key], Pol. Brześć nad Bugiem, city, capital of Brest region, W Belaru...

(Encyclopedia) Evenki Autonomous Area ĕvyĕnˈkē [key], former administrative division, 287,645 sq mi (745,000 sq km), N ...

(Encyclopedia) Moscow Basin, lignite basin, c.200 mi (320 km) long and 50 mi (80 km) wide, central European Russia, S of Moscow. Tula is the chief city of the region. Low-grade bituminous and lignite coals, suitable...

(Encyclopedia) Ossetian Military Road, highway, c.170 mi (270 km) long, across the Caucasus, S European Russia and Georgia, linking Kutaisi with Alagir. One of the two main routes over the N Caucusus, it crosses the...

(Encyclopedia) Circassia sərkăshˈēə [key], historic region, encompassing roughly the area between the Black Sea, the Kuban River, and the Caucasus, now largely the Krasnodar Territory of SE European Russia. The...

(Encyclopedia) Black Sea, inland sea, c.159,600 sq mi (413,360 sq km), between SE Europe and Asia, connected with the Mediterranean Sea by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles. It is c.750 mi (1,210...

(Encyclopedia) Buryat Republic bo͝oryätˈēə [key], constituent republic (2020 est. pop. 985,431), c.135,600 sq mi ...

(Encyclopedia) Gustavus IV, 1778–1837, king of Sweden (1792–1809). On the assassination of his father, Gustavus III, he succeeded under the regency of his uncle, later King Charles XIII, a liberal. Attaining his...