Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Kipnis, Alexander kĭpˈnĭs [key], 1891–1978, Russian-American operatic bass. He studied conducting at the Warsaw Conservatory and voice in Berlin. He made his operatic debut (1915) in Hamburg. Imp...

(Encyclopedia) Tula to͞oˈlə [key], city (1991 pop. 545,000), capital of Tula region, N central European Russia, on the Upa River, a tributary of the Oka. It is an important rail and highway hub and a manufacturin...

(Encyclopedia) Emancipation, Edict of, 1861, the mechanism by which Czar Alexander II freed all Russian serfs (one third of the total population). All personal serfdom was abolished, and the peasants were to receive...

(Encyclopedia) Alexander, Sir William, d. 1640: see Stirling, William Alexander, earl of. ...

(Encyclopedia) Wekerle, Alexander vĕˈkĕrlĕ [key], 1848–1921, Hungarian premier. He became minister of finance in 1889 and retained that post during his first two terms as premier (1892–95, 1906–10). In his...

(Encyclopedia) Henry, Alexander, two fur traders, uncle and nephew, of the Old Northwest, each of whom left a valuable journal of his travels and experiences. Alexander Henry, the elder, 1739–1824, b. New Brunswic...

(Encyclopedia) Pozharski, Dmitri Mikhailovich, Prince dəmēˈtrē mēkhīˈləvĭch, pəzhärˈskē [key], 1578–1642, Russian hero. During the “Time of Troubles” (1598–1613), when various pretenders vied fo...

(Encyclopedia) Archipenko, Alexander ärkhĭpĕnˈkō [key], 1887–1964, Ukrainian-American sculptor, b. Kiev. He moved to Moscow in 1906 and to Paris in 1908. There he began to adapt cubist technique to sculpture....

(Encyclopedia) Constantine (Konstantin Pavlovich) kənstəntyēnˈ pävˈləvĭch [key], 1779–1831, Russian grand duke, second son of Czar Paul I and brother of Alexander I and Nicholas I. On the death of Alexande...

(Encyclopedia) Leslie, Alexander, 1st earl of Leven: see Leven, Alexander Leslie, 1st earl of. ...