(Encyclopedia) Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fraudulent document that reported the alleged proceedings of a conference of Jews in the late 19th cent., at which they discussed plans to overthrow…
(Encyclopedia) Toledo, Francisco deToledo, Francisco defränthēˈskō ᵺā tōlāˈᵺō [key], 1515?–84, Spanish viceroy of Peru (1569–81). He came from one of the noblest families of Spain and had served…
(Encyclopedia) TomarTomart&oobreve;märˈ [key], town (1991 pop. 14,003), Santarém dist., central Portugal, in Ribatejo. It has paper and textile mills and other industries but is noted chiefly as…
(Encyclopedia) Schmalkaldic LeagueSchmalkaldic Leagueshmälkälˈdĭk [key], alliance formed in 1531 at Schmalkalden by Protestant princes and delegates of free cities. It was created in response to the…
(Encyclopedia) Teniers, DavidTeniers, Davidtənērzˈ, tĕnˈyərz, Flemish tĕnērsˈ [key], the elder, 1582–1649, Flemish painter. He spent many years in Rome. Works attributed to him have often been…
(Encyclopedia) EpaminondasEpaminondasĭpămĭnŏnˈdəs [key], d. 362 b.c., Greek general of Thebes. He was a pupil of Lysias the Pythagorean, but his early life is otherwise obscure. As the Theban…
(Encyclopedia) Amadis of GaulAmadis of Gaulămˈədĭs [key], Fr. Amadis de GauleAmadis of Gaulämädēsˈ də gōl [key], famous prose romance of chivalry, first composed in Spain or Portugal and probably…
(Encyclopedia) Family Compact, several alliances between France and Spain in the form of agreements between the French and Spanish branches of the Bourbon family. The first of the three compacts, the…
(Encyclopedia) MacedonMacedonmăsˈədŏn [key], ancient country, roughly equivalent to the modern region of Macedonia. In the history of Greek culture Macedon had its single significance in producing…
(Encyclopedia) Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, established and incorporated in 1929. It is privately supported. Alfred H. Barr, Jr., was its first director. Operating at first in rented…
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