(Encyclopedia) BornuBornubôrˈn&oomacr; [key], former Muslim state, mostly in NE Nigeria, extending S and W of Lake Chad. It began its existence as a separate state in the late 14th cent. From the…
(Encyclopedia) Ahmed IAhmed Iäˈmĕd [key], 1589–1617, Ottoman sultan (1603–17), son and successor of Muhammad III to the throne of the Ottoman Empire. The chief event of his reign was the Treaty of…
(Encyclopedia) Vlad IV, 1431?–1476, prince of Walachia (1448, 1456–62, 1476), known as Vlad the Impaler. He was the son of Prince Vlad Dracul (Vlad the Devil) and is therefore also called Dracula or…
(Encyclopedia) UmarUmar&oomacr;märˈ [key] or OmarUmarōˈmär [key], c.581–644, 2d caliph (see caliphate). At first hostile to Islam, he was converted by 618, becoming an adviser to Muhammad. He…
(Encyclopedia) Fath Ali ShahFath Ali Shahfäth älēˈ shäˈ, fät [key], also spelled Feth Ali Shah, 1762–1834, shah of Persia (1797–1834), nephew and successor of Aga Muhammad Khan, founder of the Qajar…
Samanid, Muslim Persian dynasty that ruled (819–1005) in Khorasan and Transoxiana Ismail, shah of Persia (1502–24), founder of the Safavid dynastyTahmasp, shah of Persia (1524–76)Abbas I,…
