(Encyclopedia) Muhammad Ali, 1769?–1849, pasha of Egypt after 1805. He was a common soldier who rose to leadership by his military skill and political acumen. In 1799 he commanded a Turkish army in…
(Encyclopedia) Ben Ali, Zine el-AbidineBen Ali, Zine el-Abidinezēˈnĕl abĭdēn bĕn älēˈ [key], 1936–2019, president of Tunisia (1987–2011). Educated in France and the United States, he entered the army…
(Encyclopedia) Montazeri, Hossein Ali, 1922–2009, Iranian Islamic scholar and political leader. A follower of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Montazeri objected to Khomeini's arrest and exile, and…
(Encyclopedia) Majid, Ali Hassan al-Majid, Ali Hassan al-äˈlē hāˈsän äl-mäjēdˈ [key], 1941–2010, Iraqi general and Ba'athist, cousin of Saddam Hussein. After Hussein took power (1979), Majid played a…
(Encyclopedia) Muhammad Ali, 1872–1925, shah of Persia (1906–9), son of Muzaffar ad-Din Shah, of the Qajar dynasty. Muhammad Ali, who was an opponent of constitutional government, began to rule at a…
(Encyclopedia) Ali, Sabahattin, 1907–48, Turkish fiction writer. During his lifetime he was best known for his popular and realistic short stories, many of which were concerned with the plight of…
(Encyclopedia) Khan, Ali AkbarKhan, Ali Akbarälēˈ ăkˈbär khän [key], 1922–2009, Indian musician, b. Shivpur, East Bengal (now Bangladesh). A master of the sarod, a lutelike 25-stringed N Indian…
(Encyclopedia) Saleh, Ali AbdullahSaleh, Ali Abdullahälēˈ äbdŭlˈä säˈlĕ [key], 1942–2017, Yemeni political leader, b. Bayt al-Ahmar. Saleh joined the army in 1958 and rose through the ranks, becoming…
(Encyclopedia) Husayn ibn AliHusayn ibn Aliĭˈbən äˈlē [key], 1856–1931, Arab political and religious leader. In 1908 he succeeded as grand sherif of Mecca and thus became ruler of the Hejaz under the…
(Encyclopedia) Bhutto, Zulfikar AliBhutto, Zulfikar Aliz&oobreve;lˈfĭkär älēˈ b&oomacr;tˈtō [key], 1928–79, Pakistani political leader. Member of a wealthy landowning family, he entered…
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