(Encyclopedia) Artagnan, Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan, Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'shärl də bäts–kästĕlmôrˈ därtänyäNˈ [key], c.1620–1673, French soldier under King Louis XIV. He fell at…
(Encyclopedia) Dumouriez, Charles FrançoisDumouriez, Charles Françoisshärl fräNswäˈ düm&oomacr;-rēāˈ [key], 1739–1823, French general in the French Revolutionary Wars. After fighting in the Seven…
(Encyclopedia) Charles V, 1500–1558, Holy Roman emperor (1519–58) and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516–56); son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile, grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragón, Isabella of…
(Encyclopedia) Louis I, 1838–89, king of Portugal (1861–89), son of Maria II and Ferdinand II. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Peter V. His reign was marked by much political…
(Encyclopedia) Manuel II, 1889–1932, king of Portugal (1908–10), second son of Charles I. He succeeded to the throne after the assassination of his father and elder brother, but in Oct., 1910, a…
(Encyclopedia) Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3d earl of, 1658–1735, English general and diplomat. He supported the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and William III made him a privy councillor, first…
(Encyclopedia) Croissy, Charles Colbert, marquis deCroissy, Charles Colbert, marquis deshärl kôlbĕrˈ märkē də krwäsēˈ [key], c.1625–96, French diplomat, brother of Jean Baptiste Colbert. He entered…
(Encyclopedia) John IV, 1604–56, king of Portugal (1640–56). He succeeded as duke of Braganza in 1630. Descended from Manuel I and in illegitimate line from John I, he had the strongest claim to the…
(Encyclopedia) Peter III (Peter the Great), 1239?–1285, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1276–85) and king of Sicily (1282–85); son and successor of James I. In 1280 he established Aragonese…
(Encyclopedia) Calonne, Charles Alexandre deCalonne, Charles Alexandre deshärl älĕksäNˈdrə də kälōnˈ [key], 1734–1802, French statesman, controller general of finances (1783–87). Faced with a huge…
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