(Encyclopedia) Mubarak, Muhammad HosniMubarak, Muhammad Hosnihōsˈnē m&oomacr;bəˈrək [key], 1928–2020, president of Egypt (1981–2011). Air force commander (1972–75) and vice president (1975–81) of…
(Encyclopedia) Aristide, Jean-BertrandAristide, Jean-Bertrandzhänˈ bĕrträndˈ äˌrēstēdˈ [key], 1953–, president of Haiti (1991, 1994–96, 2001–4). A radical Catholic priest who defended liberation…
(Encyclopedia) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), multinational organization (est. 1960, formally constituted 1961) that coordinates petroleum policies and economic aid among oil-…
(Encyclopedia) AzariahAzariahăzərīˈə [key], common name in ancient Israel, especially among the priests. The following occurrences of the name in the Bible do not necessarily all refer to different…
(Encyclopedia) Baal-Shem-TovBaal-Shem-Tovbäl-shĕm-tôv [key], c.1698–1760, Jewish founder of modern Hasidism, b. Ukraine. His life is the subject of many tales that circulated even before his death.…
(Encyclopedia) Ashqelon
Ashqelon
ăshˈkəlŏn
[key], city, SW Israel, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is a beach resort in an area of citrus
groves and cotton plantations.…
(Encyclopedia) MasadaMasadaməsāˈdə [key], ancient mountaintop fortress in Israel, the final outpost of the Zealot Jews in their rebellion against Roman authority (a.d. 66–73). Located in the Judaean…
(Encyclopedia) debt, obligation in services, money, or goods owed by one party, the debtor, to another, the creditor. When contested, debts are collected by a civil suit upon which the judge renders…
(Encyclopedia) Boutros-Ghali, BoutrosBoutros-Ghali, Boutrosb&oomacr;ˈtrōs, gäˈlē [key], 1922–2016, Egyptian statesman, secretary-general of the United Nations (1992–96). Born into a politically…
(Encyclopedia) JudahJudahj&oomacr;ˈdə [key]. 1 In the Bible he is the fourth son of Jacob and Leah and the eponymous ancestor of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. In the Book of Genesis, Judah…
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