(Encyclopedia) Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO), series of eight orbiting observatories (see observatory, orbiting) launched between 1962 and 1971 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration…
(Encyclopedia) Pennsylvania Railroad, former U.S. transportation company; inc. 1846 by the Pennsylvania legislature. It opened in 1854 as a single-track line between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.…
(Encyclopedia) MontmartreMontmartremôNmärˈtrə [key] [Fr.,=hill of the martyrs], hill in Paris, on the right bank of the Seine River. The highest point of Paris, it is topped by the Church of Sacré-…
(Encyclopedia) Cahn, SammyCahn, Sammykän [key], 1913–93, American lyricist, b. New York City as Samuel Cohen. With his first collaborator, Saul Chaplin, he wrote material for vaudeville, and scored…
(Encyclopedia) Clisson, Olivier deClisson, Olivier deōlēvyāˈ də klēsôNˈ [key], 1336–1407, French soldier, b. Brittany. He fought on the English side in the War of the Breton Succession but entered…
(Encyclopedia) Stijl, deStijl, dedə stīl [key] [Du.,=the style], Dutch nonfigurative art movement, also called neoplasticism. In 1917 a group of artists, architects, and poets was organized under the…
(Encyclopedia) Vollard, AmbroiseVollard, AmbroiseäNbrwäzˈ vôlärˈ [key], 1867–1939, French art dealer, collector, and publisher. He was noted for his early recognition and sponsorship of leading…
(Encyclopedia) Schongauer, MartinSchongauer, Martinmärˈtēn shōnˈgou-ər [key], 1430–91, German engraver and painter, son of a goldsmith of Colmar, Alsace. Schongauer's only certain painting is Madonna…
(Encyclopedia) Hals, FransHals, Fransfräns häls [key], c.1580–1666, Dutch painter of portraits and genre scenes, b. Antwerp. Hals spent most of his life in Haarlem, where he studied with Karel van…
(Encyclopedia) Hobbema, MeindertHobbema, Meindertmīnˈdərt hôbˈəmä [key], 1638–1709, Dutch landscape painter. In landscape art Hobbema was second only to his contemporary Jacob van Ruisdael, with whom…
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