(Encyclopedia) Mar, John Erskine, 2d (or 7th) earl of, 1558–1634, Scottish nobleman; son of the 1st (or 6th) earl. In 1578 he was persuaded by James Douglas, 4th earl of Morton, to assert his claims…
(Encyclopedia) Hampden, JohnHampden, Johnhămpˈdən, hămˈ– [key], 1594–1643, English parliamentary leader; cousin of Oliver Cromwell. He entered Parliament in 1621, became closely associated with Sir…
(Encyclopedia) Burgh, Hubert deBurgh, Hubert dehy&oomacr;ˈbərt də bûrg, bûrˈə [key], d. 1243, chief justiciar of England under kings John and Henry III. Having served as a royal minister and…
(Encyclopedia) monarchy, form of government in which sovereignty is vested in a single person whose right to rule is generally hereditary and who is empowered to remain in office for life. The power…
(Encyclopedia) Wolsey, ThomasWolsey, Thomasw&oobreve;lˈzē [key], 1473?–1530, English statesman and prelate, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
From 1514 to 1529 Wolsey virtually controlled…
Attack by Stratagem Energy Tactical Dispositions [1] Sun Tzu said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an…
(Encyclopedia) Anselm, SaintAnselm, Saintănˈsĕlm [key], 1033?–1109, prelate in Normandy and England, archbishop of Canterbury, Doctor of the Church (1720), b. Aosta, Piedmont. After a carefree youth…
(Encyclopedia) Provisions of Oxford, 1258, a scheme of governmental reform forced upon Henry III of England by his barons. In 1258 a group of barons, angered by the king's Sicilian adventure and the…
(Encyclopedia) Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st earl of, 1621–83, English statesman. In the English civil war he supported the crown until 1644 but then joined the parliamentarians. He was…
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