Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Hindu philosophy, the philosophical speculations and systems of India that have their roots in Hinduism. Nyaya, traditionally founded by Akshapada Gautama (6th cent. b.c.), is a school of logic and...

(Encyclopedia) Hindu Kush hĭnˈdo͞o ko͝osh [key], a high mountain system, extending c.500 mi (800 km) W from the Pamir Knot, N Pakistan, into NE Afghanistan; rising to 25,236 ft (7,692 m) in Tirich Mir, on the bo...

(Encyclopedia) philosophy [Gr.,=love of wisdom], study of the ultimate reality, causes, and principles underlying being and thinking. It has many aspects and different manifestations according to the problems involv...

(Encyclopedia) Hindu music. The music of India is entirely monodic. To Westerners it is the most accessible of all Asian musical cultures. Its tonal system divides the octave into 22 segments called srutis, not all ...

(Encyclopedia) medieval philosophy: see scholasticism. ...

(Encyclopedia) Cartesian philosophy: see Descartes, René. ...

(Encyclopedia) philosophy of science, branch of philosophy that emerged as an autonomous discipline in the 19th cent., especially through the work of Auguste Comte, J. S. Mill, and William Whewell. Several of the is...

(Encyclopedia) realism, in philosophy. 1 In medieval philosophy realism represented a position taken on the problem of universals. There were two schools of realism. Extreme realism, represented by William of Champe...

(Encyclopedia) Nyaya nyäˈyə [key]: see Hindu philosophy. ...

(Encyclopedia) Vaisheshika vīˌshəshēˈkə [key]: see Hindu philosophy. ...