Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Ebert, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh āˈbərt [key], 1871–1925, first president (1919–25) of the German republic. A Social Democratic deputy in the Reichstag, in 1913 he became party leader, succeeding ...

(Encyclopedia) Haase, Hugo ho͞oˈgō häˈzə [key], 1863–1919, German Socialist leader. A Social Democratic member of the Reichstag, he opposed World War I, but initially followed his party's position in support...

(Encyclopedia) Maximilian, prince of Baden (Max of Baden), 1867–1929, German statesman, last chancellor of imperial Germany. A liberal, he was made imperial chancellor at the end of World War I as Germany neared d...

(Encyclopedia) Hoffmann, Friedrich hôfˈmän [key], 1660–1742, German physician. He taught and practiced at Halle from 1693. He studied and wrote on such varied topics as pediatrics, mineral waters, and meteorol...

(Encyclopedia) Preller, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh prĕlˈər [key], 1804–78, German painter and etcher, professor at the Weimar Academy. He is best known for his Odyssey landscapes, a series of 16 encaustic paintings...

(Encyclopedia) Rückert, Friedrich frīˈmo͝ont rīˈmär [key], 1788–1866, German scholar and poet. An editor and professor of Oriental languages, he wrote imitations of Asian and Middle Eastern poetry and made ...

(Encyclopedia) Löffler, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh löfˈlər [key], 1852–1915, German bacteriologist. From 1888 he taught hygiene at the Univ. of Greifswald. Among his many contributions to bacteriology are his demo...

(Encyclopedia) Spielhagen, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh shpēlˈhägən [key], 1829–1911, German novelist. His works, chiefly on social and political themes, include Problematische Naturen (1861, tr. Problematic Charact...

(Encyclopedia) Paulus, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh pouˈlo͝os [key], 1890–1957, German field marshal. He commanded the army at the siege of Stalingrad and was raised to marshal's rank several hours before his surrende...

(Encyclopedia) Spartacus party or Spartacists, radical group of German Socialists, formed c.Mar., 1916, and led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. The name was derived from the pseudonym Spartacus used by Liebkn...