(Encyclopedia) Charles MartelCharles Martelmärtĕlˈ [key] [O.Fr.,=Charles the Hammer], 688?–741, Frankish ruler, illegitimate son of Pepin of Heristal and grandfather of Charlemagne. After the death…
The surname given to Charles, natural son of Pépin d'Héristal, for his victory over the Saracens, who had invaded France under Abd-el-Rahman in 732. It is said that Charles “knocked down…
M. Night Shyamalanfilm director and screenwriterBorn: 8/6/1970Birthplace: Tamil-Nadu, India Shyamalan was a virtual unknown when The Sixth Sense arrived in movie theaters in 1999. The film,…
(Encyclopedia) Abd ar-RahmanAbd ar-Rahmanäbˌdär-rämänˈ [key], d. 732, Muslim governor of Spain (721–32). Invading Aquitaine in 732, he won a victory over the Franks at Toulouse but was defeated in…
Great novels of the Commonwealth
Britain's most prestigious literary award is presented each Oct. or Nov. by the National Book League in the United Kingdom, for the best full-length novel written…
(Encyclopedia) Carloman, d. 754, mayor of the palace in the kingdom of Austrasia after the death (741) of his father, Charles Martel. Ruling with his brother, Pepin the Short, he carried on…
(Encyclopedia) Henry I, c.1008–1060, king of France (1031–60), son and successor of King Robert II. To defend his throne against his mother, his brothers Robert and Eudes, and subsequently against…
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