(Encyclopedia) Francis Ferdinand, 1863–1914, Austrian archduke, heir apparent (after 1889) of his uncle, Emperor Francis Joseph. In 1900 he married a Czech, Sophie Chotek. She was made duchess of…
(Encyclopedia) Charles, 1771–1847, archduke of Austria; brother of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. Despite his epilepsy, he was the ablest Austrian commander in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic…
(Encyclopedia) Ferdinand II, 1578–1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), king of Bohemia (1617–37) and of Hungary (1618–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias.
Grandson of Ferdinand I, son of…
(Encyclopedia) Klesl or Khlesl, MelchiorKlesl or Khlesl, Melchiorboth: mĕlˈkhyôr klāˈsəl [key], 1552–1630, Austrian politician, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. The son of a Protestant baker,…
(Encyclopedia) Rudolf, 1858–89, Austrian archduke, crown prince of Austria and Hungary; only son of Emperor Francis Joseph and Empress Elizabeth. Upon his mysterious death at Mayerling near Vienna (…
(Encyclopedia) WelserWelservĕlˈzər [key], German family of wealthy merchants and bankers at Augsburg. It reached the height of its prosperity under Bartholomäus Welser, 1488–1561, who had advanced…
(Encyclopedia) Gregorovius, FerdinandGregorovius, Ferdinandgrĕgərōˈvēəs, Ger. fĕrˈdēnänt grāˌgōrōˈvē&oobreve;s [key], 1821–91, German historian. He spent many years in Rome, where he produced his…
(Encyclopedia) Brunetière, FerdinandBrunetière, FerdinandfĕrdēnäNˈ brünətyĕrˈ [key], 1849–1906, French literary critic. An opponent of naturalism, he believed that literature should reflect a moral…
(Encyclopedia) Tönnies, FerdinandTönnies, Ferdinandfĕrˈdēnänt tönˈyəs [key], 1855–1936, German sociologist and political scientist. He is noted for his analysis of the distinction between the older…
(Encyclopedia) Matthias, 1557–1619, Holy Roman emperor (1612–19), king of Bohemia (1611–17) and of Hungary (1608–18), son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II. He was appointed governor of Austria (…
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